窝沟封闭术预防龋病疗效观察

目的:评价窝沟封闭剂预防龋病的临床疗效。方法:选择140例6～8岁儿童,左侧下颌第一恒磨牙进行窝沟封闭,右侧下颌第一恒磨牙不进行窝沟封闭,对比两侧的患龋率。结果:半年后随诊,试验组无龋坏,对照组患龋率15.71%;一年后随诊,试验组患龋率1.43%,对照组患龋率25.71%;两年后随诊,试验组惠龋率4.3%,对照组患龋率36.43%。讨论:窝沟封闭剂可严密封闭牙冠表面的窝沟,防止窝沟内食物残屑堆集和细菌生长,有效地预防龋病的发生。     

昆山市医用X射线诊断设备防护现状

目的全面了解昆山市X射线诊断设备防护现状,加强医疗机构放射防护管理工作,保障放射从业人员、公众和受检者的健康。方法对昆山市71家医疗机构的123台X射线诊断设备防护现状进行调查,并对结果进行综合分析。结果昆山市大部分医用X射线诊断设备防护状态较好,年度监测、警示标志、工作指示灯、医生个人防护率分别为93.0%、95.8%、95.8%、97.2%。但受检者防护用品配备率和使用率较低(63.4%)。结论在促进发展医用诊断X射线技术的同时,该市有必要加强监督管理,保护放射工作人员和受检者的身体健康。     

基于风险评估的某机械加工企业新建项目职业病危害控制效果评价

目的调查分析拖拉机变速箱生产过程中存在的职业病危害因素浓度或强度及采取的职业病危害防护设施的防护效果,评价职业病危害控制效果,并评估职业病危害的风险水平,提出控制职业病危害的补充措施建议。方法采用现场职业卫生学调查、检测检验、定量分级、风险评估等方法,对试运行期间工作场所空气中职业病危害因素、职业病危害程度、职业病防护措施及效果、健康影响、风险水平等进行综合分析与定性或定量评价。结果化学有害因素的浓度控制在国家职业卫生标准以内,职业病危害健康风险均为可接受风险水平,但喷漆工序的人工喷漆、吹水及装配工序的清洗、合轴、半轴等工作地点噪声强度超过卫生限值,作业场所设置循环式水幕设施防护效果及呼吸防护用品、防噪耳塞的个体防护效果均较好。结论企业设置的职业病危害控制措施可行、有效,建议企业在采取目前防控措施的基础上,从健康监护、组织管理等方面针对性地提出风险控制措施,指导企业科学、有效、持久地进行风险管理的实施。     

蛇足石杉内生真菌Penicillium chrysogenum MT-12中2个新二苯醚类成分

目的研究蛇足石杉内生真菌Penicillium chrysogenum MT-12经固体发酵培养后的代谢产物。方法利用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20及半制备液相色谱等方法进行分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质及IR、MS、NMR等光谱数据鉴定化合物的结构;利用体外模型进行抗炎、乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性筛选。结果从P.chrysogenum MT-12固体发酵培养后的代谢产物中共分离鉴定8个二苯醚类化合物,分别为黄青霉内酯A(1)、黄青霉内酯B(2)、talaromyone A(3)、isopenicillide(4)、penicillide(5)、hydroxypenicillide(6)、purpactin A(7)、黄青霉内酯C(8)。结论化合物1、2为新化合物,化合物3为首次从青霉属中分离得到,化合物4~8为首次从产黄青霉菌中分离得到;化合物1、2对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7的NO产生有一定抑制活性,半数抑制浓度(IC50)值分别为(72.6±2.3)、(41.2±1.4)μmol/L,而所有化合物在100μmol/L时对乙酰胆碱酯酶不显示抑制活性。     

Reduced prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen positivity among pregnant women born after the national implementation of immunoprophylaxis for babies born to hepatitis B virus‐carrier mothers in Japan

Aim

We aimed to estimate hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity among birth year‐stratified pregnant women in Hiroshima, Japan, and compare prevalence rates between women born before and after implementation of a national immunoprophylactic vaccination program for babies born to hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier mothers in Japan.

Methods

Pregnant women who gave birth at all delivery hospitals/clinics in Hiroshima prefecture between 1 April 2010 and 31 March 2011 were eligible. Lists collected from each institution included survey items such as age (pregnant woman's birth year) and HBsAg and hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody (anti‐HCV) test results, which were posted anonymously and non‐consolidated from medical records. We calculated the HBsAg and anti‐HCV prevalence in our cohort according to the mothers' birth year.

Results

In 41 of 58 hospitals/clinics, 15 233 and 15 035 pregnant women underwent HBsAg and anti‐HCV testing, corresponding to 59.6% and 58.9% of 25 546 births in the 2010 fiscal year, respectively. The overall HBsAg positive rate was 0.51% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40–0.63%), and an extremely low prevalence (0.10%; 95% CI, 0.00–0.25%) was observed among pregnant women born after 1986. However, the prevalence in this study was slightly higher than the nationwide value (0.31%) and the Chugoku region‐specific value (0.46%) among first‐time blood donors at Japanese Red Cross blood centers between 2001 and 2006. No significant difference in anti‐HCV positivity was observed.

Conclusion

Only two pregnant women born after the preventive program implementation were HBsAg‐positive. Perinatal HBV transmission is estimated to be almost completely inhibited in the next generation.

     

SMAD6在Aβ诱导的神经毒性病变中的表达变化

目的探讨母抗Dpp小同源物6(small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6,SMAD6)在β淀粉样蛋白(amyloidβ,Aβ)诱导的神经毒性病变中的表达变化。方法取孕15~17d的SD大鼠的胎鼠,进行海马神经元原代培养,经不同浓度(10、15、20μmol/L)Aβ25-35毒性片段处理后,通过定量PCR技术检测SMAD6mRNA表达水平。取2月龄SD雄性大鼠12只,随机分为Aβ注射组和空白对照组,每组6只。采用双侧基底前脑注射Aβ1-40建立大鼠痴呆模型,通过免疫组化及免疫印迹检测基底前脑及海马区SMAD6蛋白表达水平。结果不同浓度Aβ25-35处理组海马神经元内SMAD6mRNA表达均较对照组减少(F=602.1,P0.01)。免疫组化结果显示,与对照组比较,Aβ1-40注射组大鼠基底前脑区SMAD6蛋白表达减少(68103±1520比96036±1804;t=20.51,P0.01),而海马区其表达增多(96441±1852比55039±1528;t=29.87,P0.01);免疫印迹结果显示,与对照组比较,Aβ1-40注射组大鼠基底前脑区SMAD6蛋白表达减少(0.1042±0.0067比1.000±0.0986;t=15.69,P0.01),而海马区其表达增多(12.5525±2.6803比1.000±0.0135;t=7.465,P0.01)。结论 Aβ可直接下调神经元内SMAD6mRNA转录及表达,不同脑区内SMAD6蛋白表达可能受负反馈调节机制影响。